The sex ratio in India is expected to increase from 943 females per 1,000 males in 2011 to 952 females per 1,000 males in 2036.
This information was given in the ‘Women and Men in India 2023’ report released by the Ministry of Statistics and Program Implementation on Monday.
The report highlights that India’s population in 2036 is likely to have a higher number of women than in 2011, as reflected in the sex ratio.
According to the report, in India there were 943 women per thousand men in 2011 which is estimated to increase to 952 per thousand men by 2036 indicating a positive trend in gender equality.
According to the report, India’s population is expected to reach 152.2 crore by 2036, in which the percentage of women will increase slightly to 48.8 percent compared to 48.5 percent in 2011.
It said the proportion of persons under the age of 15 is projected to decline from 2011 to 2036, possibly due to a decline in the fertility rate.
In contrast, the proportion of the population aged 60 years and above is forecast to increase significantly during this period.
It is evident that the Age Specific Fertility Rate (ASFR) in the age groups of 20-24 and 25-29 has declined from 135.4 and 166.0 to 113.6 and 139.6 respectively from 2016 to 2020. The ASFR for the age group of 35-39 years has increased from 32.7 to 35.6 for this period, which shows that after getting settled in life, women are thinking about expanding the family.
According to the report, the adolescent fertility rate in 2020 was 33.9 among the illiterate population while it was 11.0 among the literate population.
The rate is also significantly lower for women who are literate but without any formal education (20.0) than for illiterate women, again highlighting the importance of providing education to women.
Age-based fertility rate is defined as the number of children born and alive to women of a specific age group per thousand female population of that age group.
It said that Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) is one of the indicators of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the target of reducing it to 70 by 2030 is clearly laid down in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) framework.
According to the report, due to the sustained efforts of the government, India has successfully achieved the major milestone of reducing MMR (97/lakh live births in 2018-20) well in time, and it should be possible to achieve the SDG target as well.
The maternal mortality ratio (MMR) refers to the number of women who die as a result of pregnancy or childbirth-related complications per 100,000 births in a given year.
According to the report, infant mortality rate (IMR) has decreased among both boys and girls in the last few years.
The IMR has always been higher for girls than boys, but in 2020, both were equal at 28 infants per 1,000 live births. Data on under-five mortality rate shows that it has declined from 43 in 2015 to 32 in 2020. The same is true for both boys and girls, and the gap between boys and girls has also narrowed.
According to the Periodic Labour Force Survey, the labour force participation rate of persons aged 15 years and above has been rising since 2017-18 for both men and women. According to the report, till the 15th general election (1999), less than 60 per cent of women voters participated, while the voting percentage of men was eight per cent higher than them.
However, there was a significant change in the 2014 elections, with women participation increasing to 65.6 percent, and further increasing to 67.2 percent in the 2019 elections.
For the first time, voter turnout was slightly higher for women, reflecting the impact of rising literacy and political awareness among women.
The Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) has recognised a total of 1,17,254 start-ups till December 2023 since its inception in January 2016.
Of these, 55,816 start-ups are run by women, accounting for 47.6 percent of the total recognized start-ups. This significant representation underlines the growing influence and contribution of women entrepreneurs in India’s start-up ecosystem.
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